Corporate political strategies are firm actions that target a country’s political system and seek to influence political decisions and policies to advance a firm’s private ends. The benefits that political strategy can achieve—and the hurdles that need to be overcome in order to achieve these benefits—are determined by the institutional environment. As a result, various dimensions in the institutional environment play a key role in affecting why and how firms pursue political strategy, which constitute a theoretical background to develop a comparative perspective of corporate political strategy.