Most governments define and regulate corruption by their criminal law. While criminalization underscores the harm associated with the acts and enhances investigators’ toolbox, it also implies high standard of evidence. In practice, it is difficult and often impossible to enforce the laws in line with common criminal justice principles, especially when bribery happens on behalf of organizations (firms) or when representatives of government institutions collude and make it hard for law enforcers to identify the guilty decision-makers. In the lecture I will address some of the most promising policy tools presented in the literature and describe the extent to which they are implemented. Thereafter I will discuss relevant research questions and methodology.